Physics and Engineering Degree Requirements
2024 - 2025 Catalog
We have the following degrees:
- Engineering major leading to BS degree
- Integrated Engineering major leading to BS degree
- Physics major leading to BS degree
Engineering major leading to BS degree
A major in engineering leading to a Bachelor of Science degree requires completion of at least 63 credits:
- PHYS 111, 112; MATH 101, 102, 221, 332; ENGN 178, 203, 204, 207 (PHYS 207), 225 (PHYS 225), 378, 379
- One lecture/lab sequence chosen from ENGN 301+351 or ENGN 311+361
- Three additional courses chosen from ENGN 208, 240, 260, 267, 295, 301+351, 311+361, 312, 330, 395
- One four-credit laboratory course not used above chosen from
- CHEM 110 or CSCI 121, or
- 200 level or above from a list of approved courses in BIOL, CHEM, CSCI, EEG, ENGN, PHYS
- Required courses
- PHYS 111 - General Physics I
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 4 An introduction to classical mechanics. Topics include kinematics, Newton's laws, solids, fluids, and wave motion.
- PHYS 112 - General Physics II
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 4 Prerequisite PHYS 111 A continuation of PHYS 111. Topics include thermodynamics, electricity, magnetism, and optics.
- MATH 101 - Calculus I
FDR FM Math and Computer Science Foundation Credits 3 An introduction to the calculus of functions of one variable, including a study of limits, derivatives, extrema, integrals, and the fundamental theorem. Sections meet either 3 or 4 days a week, with material in the latter presented at a more casual pace.
- MATH 102 - Calculus II
FDR FM Math and Computer Science Foundation Credits 3 Prerequisite MATH 101 with a grade of C or greater or MATH 102 placement A continuation of MATH 101, including techniques and applications of integration, transcendental functions, and infinite series.
- MATH 221 - Multivariable Calculus
FDR SC Science, Math, CS Distribution Credits 3 Prerequisite MATH 102 with a grade of C or greater, MATH 222, or MATH 225 Motion in three dimensions, parametric curves, differential calculus of multivariable functions, multiple integrals, line integrals, and Green's Theorem.
- MATH 332 - Ordinary Differential Equations
Credits 3 Prerequisite MATH 221 with a grade of C or greater First and second order differential equations, systems of differential equations, and applications. Techniques employed are analytic, qualitative, and numerical.
- ENGN 178 - Introduction to Engineering
FDR SC Science, Math, CS Distribution Credits 4 This course introduces students to basic skills useful to engineers, the engineering design process, and the engineering profession. Students learn various topics of engineering, including engineering disciplines, the role of an engineer in the engineering design process, and engineering ethics. Skills learned in this course include programming and the preparation of engineering drawings. Programming skills are developed using flowcharting and MATLAB. Autodesk Inventor is used to create three-dimensional solid models and engineering drawings. The course culminates in a collaborative design project, allowing students to use their new skills
- ENGN 203 - Mechanics I: Statics
Credits 3 Prerequisite PHYS 111 with a grade of C or greater The science of mechanics is used to study bodies in equilibrium under the action of external forces. Emphasis is on problem solving: trusses, frames and machines, centroids, area moments of inertia, beams, cables, and friction.
- ENGN 204 - Mechanics II: Dynamics
Credits 3 Prerequisite ENGN 203 with a grade of C or greater A study of kinetics of particles and rigid bodies including force, mass, acceleration, work, energy, and momentum.
- ENGN 207 - Electrical Circuits
(PHYS 207)
Credits 4 Prerequisite PHYS 112 with a grade of C or greater Same as PHYS 207. A detailed study of electrical circuits analysis techniques and practical system design. Core topics covered include DC and AC circuits; amplifiers and basic semiconductor devices; analog-to-digital converters; and microcontroller programming. The lab acquaints the student with fundamental electronic diagnostic equipment. Emphasis is placed on designing, building, and analyzing practical sensors and systems bridging the analog and digital domains.
- ENGN 225 - Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering
(PHYS 225)
Credits 3 Prerequisite PHYS 112 and MATH 221 Same as PHYS 225. Study of a collection of mathematical techniques particularly useful in upper-level courses in physics and engineering: vector differential operators such as gradient, divergence, and curl; functions of complex variables; Fourier analysis; orthogonal functions; matrix algebra and the matrix eigenvalue problem; ordinary and partial differential equations.
- ENGN 378 - Capstone Design
Credits 4 Prerequisite ENGN 178, ENGN 204, ENGN 207, and ENGN 225; and ENGN 301 or ENGN 311; and ENGN 208, ENGN 240, ENGN 260, ENGN 267, ENGN 295, ENGN 301, ENGN 311, ENGN 312, ENGN 330, or ENGN 395. All courses with a grade of C or greater First term of the year-long capstone design project in which student teams solve open-ended engineering problems by integrating and synthesizing engineering design and analysis learned in previous courses. Project topics vary year-to-year and are driven by student interest. The fall term is dedicated to the design and planning phases. This includes project topic selection; comprehensive study of necessary background material; and identification of design objectives, conceptual models, and materials and equipment needed.
- ENGN 379 - Capstone Design
Credits 4 Prerequisite ENGN 378 with a grade of C or greater Second term of the year-long capstone design project in which student teams solve open-ended engineering problems by integrating and synthesizing engineering design and analysis learned in previous courses. Project topics vary year-to-year and are driven by student interest. The winter term is dedicated to implementation -- building, testing, analyzing, and revising the design, culminating with a public presentation and proof-of-concept demonstration.
- One lecture/lab sequence chosen from:
- ENGN 301 - Solid Mechanics
+
Credits 3 Prerequisite ENGN 203 with a grade of C or greater Corequisite ENGN 351 - Solid Mechanics Laboratory Internal equilibrium of members; introduction to mechanics of continuous media; concepts of stress, material properties, principal moments of inertia; deformation caused by axial loads, shear, torsion, bending and combined loading.
- ENGN 351 - Solid Mechanics Laboratory
Credits 1 Corequisite ENGN 301 - Solid Mechanics Experimental observation and correlation with theoretical predictions of elastic behavior of structures under static loading; statically determinate loading of beams; tension of metals; torsion; and computer models for stress analysis.
or
- ENGN 311 - Fluid Mechanics
+
Credits 3 Prerequisite ENGN 225 and MATH 332; and either ENGN 204 or PHYS 230. All with a grade of C or greater Corequisite ENGN 361 - Fluid Mechanics Laboratory Fluid statics; application of the integral mass, momentum, and energy equations using control volume concepts; introduction to viscous flow, boundary layer theory, and differential analysis.
- ENGN 361 - Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
Credits 1 Corequisite ENGN 311 - Fluid Mechanics Experimental investigation of fluid mechanics under static and dynamic conditions. Correlation of experimental results with theoretical models of fluid behavior. Experiments examine concepts such as hydrostatic force, fluid kinematics, kinetics, and energy.
- Three additional courses chosen from:
- ENGN 208 - Electronics
Credits 3 Prerequisite ENGN 207 or PHYS 207 with a grade of C or greater in either Same as PHYS 208. An introduction to digital electronics emphasizing design, construction, and measurement of electronics systems. The first half of the course focuses on foundational concepts including: transistor/semiconductor technology, digital logic gates, RAM and Flash memory, Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog converters, digital communication protocols (SPI and I2C), wireless devices, and microcontroller operation. The second half of the course is project-based: student teams develop an electronics system that solves a real world problem.
- ENGN 240 - Thermodynamics
Credits 3 Prerequisite MATH 221 and PHYS 112 with a grade of C or greater A study of the fundamental concepts of thermodynamics, thermodynamic properties of matter, and applications to engineering processes.
- ENGN 260 - Materials Science and Engineering
Credits 3 Prerequisite PHYS 111 with a grade of C or greater An introduction to solid state materials. A study of the relation between microstructure and the corresponding physical properties for metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites.
- ENGN 267 - Bioengineering and Bioinspired Design
FDR SC Science, Math, CS Distribution Credits 3 Prerequisite PHYS 112 Same as BIOL 267. This course integrates biology, physics, engineering, and quantitative methods to study how an animal's physiology is optimized to perform a critical function, as well as how these biological systems inspire new technologies. The first half of this course focuses on integrative case studies, such as: How does a gecko lizard leap 30 m from the forest floor and survive the landing unscathed; Why are conch shells fracture resistant and how are they inspiring the next generation of protective gear? How is the mantis shrimp eye guiding the next revolution in optical data storage technology? The second half of the course is project based: student teams develop their own bioinspired systems. This course is intended for students interested in working on problems at the boundary of biology and physics/engineering and is appropriate for those who have more experience in one field than the other.
- ENGN 295 - Intermediate Special Topics in Engineering
Credits 3-4 Intermediate work in bioengineering, solid mechanics, fluid mechanics or materials science.
- ENGN 301 - Solid Mechanics
Credits 3 Prerequisite ENGN 203 with a grade of C or greater Corequisite ENGN 351 - Solid Mechanics Laboratory Internal equilibrium of members; introduction to mechanics of continuous media; concepts of stress, material properties, principal moments of inertia; deformation caused by axial loads, shear, torsion, bending and combined loading.
with
- ENGN 351 - Solid Mechanics Laboratory
Credits 1 Corequisite ENGN 301 - Solid Mechanics Experimental observation and correlation with theoretical predictions of elastic behavior of structures under static loading; statically determinate loading of beams; tension of metals; torsion; and computer models for stress analysis.
- ENGN 311 - Fluid Mechanics
Credits 3 Prerequisite ENGN 225 and MATH 332; and either ENGN 204 or PHYS 230. All with a grade of C or greater Corequisite ENGN 361 - Fluid Mechanics Laboratory Fluid statics; application of the integral mass, momentum, and energy equations using control volume concepts; introduction to viscous flow, boundary layer theory, and differential analysis.
with
- ENGN 361 - Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
Credits 1 Corequisite ENGN 311 - Fluid Mechanics Experimental investigation of fluid mechanics under static and dynamic conditions. Correlation of experimental results with theoretical models of fluid behavior. Experiments examine concepts such as hydrostatic force, fluid kinematics, kinetics, and energy.
- ENGN 312 - Heat Transfer
Credits 3 Prerequisite MATH 332; and ENGN 311 with a grade of C or greater Principles of heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation. Topics include transient and steady state analysis, boiling, condensation, and heat exchanger analysis. Application of these principles to selected problems in engineering.
- ENGN 330 - Mechanical Vibrations
Credits 3 Prerequisite MATH 332 and either ENGN 204 or PHYS 230 with a grade of C or greater Analysis of lumped parameter and continuous systems (free and forced, damped and undamped, single- and multi-degree-of-freedom); transient response to shock pulses; simple linear systems; exact and approximate solution techniques; and solution to continuous systems using partial differential equations.
- ENGN 395 - Special Topics in Engineering
Credits 3 Advanced work in solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, or materials science, or additional upper-level engineering topics. Topics selected based on student interest.
- One four-credit laboratory course not used above chosen from:
- CHEM 110 - General Chemistry
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 4 This is a foundational course for those pursuing upper-level chemistry and biochemistry. Fundamental vocabulary, concepts, and principles that appear throughout the chemistry and biochemistry curriculum are introduced. Topics include basic chemistry calculations, quantum mechanics in chemistry, molecular structure, chemical thermodynamics, and chemical kinetics. In addition, a range of spectroscopic methods including UV-Vis, Atomic Absorption, and XRF are employed in the laboratory. While no previous knowledge of chemistry is required, some background is advantageous. Laboratory course with fee.
- CSCI 121 - Scientific Computing
FDR FM Math and Computer Science Foundation Credits 4 An introduction to computer programming for scientific applications and a survey of the main methodological areas of scientific computation. The course provides the tools needed for students to use computers effectively in scientific work, whether in physics, chemistry, mathematics, economics, biology, psychology, or any field involving quantitative work. Programming in Matlab, a scientific-computing software package, with a focus on topics relevant to students' major fields of study. Lectures and formal labs. Not open to students who have successfully completed CSCI 211 or greater.
or
200 level or above from a list of approved courses in BIOL, CHEM, CSCI, EEG, ENGN, PHYS
Integrated Engineering major leading to BS degree
A major in integrated engineering leading to a Bachelor of Science degree requires completion of at least 65 credits including the following. This major may not be combined with the major in engineering nor with a major in the respective department associated with the science track that a student selects for the IE major.
- PHYS 111, 112; MATH 101, 102, 221, 332; ENGN 178, 203, 204, 207 (PHYS 207), 225 (PHYS 225), 378, 379
- One lecture/lab sequence chosen from ENGN 301+351 or 311+361
- Two courses chosen from: ENGN 208, 240, 260, 267, 295, 301+351, 311+361, 312, 330, 395
- Three courses in a single science subject in one of the following tracks:
- BIOL 111+113 and two BIOL courses 200 level or above
- CHEM 110, 241, and 242
- CSCI 111, 112, and one CSCI course 200 level or above
- EEG 100, 101, or 102 and two EEG courses 200 level or above
- Required courses
- PHYS 111 - General Physics I
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 4 An introduction to classical mechanics. Topics include kinematics, Newton's laws, solids, fluids, and wave motion.
- PHYS 112 - General Physics II
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 4 Prerequisite PHYS 111 A continuation of PHYS 111. Topics include thermodynamics, electricity, magnetism, and optics.
- MATH 101 - Calculus I
FDR FM Math and Computer Science Foundation Credits 3 An introduction to the calculus of functions of one variable, including a study of limits, derivatives, extrema, integrals, and the fundamental theorem. Sections meet either 3 or 4 days a week, with material in the latter presented at a more casual pace.
- MATH 102 - Calculus II
FDR FM Math and Computer Science Foundation Credits 3 Prerequisite MATH 101 with a grade of C or greater or MATH 102 placement A continuation of MATH 101, including techniques and applications of integration, transcendental functions, and infinite series.
- MATH 221 - Multivariable Calculus
FDR SC Science, Math, CS Distribution Credits 3 Prerequisite MATH 102 with a grade of C or greater, MATH 222, or MATH 225 Motion in three dimensions, parametric curves, differential calculus of multivariable functions, multiple integrals, line integrals, and Green's Theorem.
- MATH 332 - Ordinary Differential Equations
Credits 3 Prerequisite MATH 221 with a grade of C or greater First and second order differential equations, systems of differential equations, and applications. Techniques employed are analytic, qualitative, and numerical.
- ENGN 178 - Introduction to Engineering
FDR SC Science, Math, CS Distribution Credits 4 This course introduces students to basic skills useful to engineers, the engineering design process, and the engineering profession. Students learn various topics of engineering, including engineering disciplines, the role of an engineer in the engineering design process, and engineering ethics. Skills learned in this course include programming and the preparation of engineering drawings. Programming skills are developed using flowcharting and MATLAB. Autodesk Inventor is used to create three-dimensional solid models and engineering drawings. The course culminates in a collaborative design project, allowing students to use their new skills
- ENGN 203 - Mechanics I: Statics
Credits 3 Prerequisite PHYS 111 with a grade of C or greater The science of mechanics is used to study bodies in equilibrium under the action of external forces. Emphasis is on problem solving: trusses, frames and machines, centroids, area moments of inertia, beams, cables, and friction.
- ENGN 204 - Mechanics II: Dynamics
Credits 3 Prerequisite ENGN 203 with a grade of C or greater A study of kinetics of particles and rigid bodies including force, mass, acceleration, work, energy, and momentum.
- ENGN 207 - Electrical Circuits
(PHYS 207)
Credits 4 Prerequisite PHYS 112 with a grade of C or greater Same as PHYS 207. A detailed study of electrical circuits analysis techniques and practical system design. Core topics covered include DC and AC circuits; amplifiers and basic semiconductor devices; analog-to-digital converters; and microcontroller programming. The lab acquaints the student with fundamental electronic diagnostic equipment. Emphasis is placed on designing, building, and analyzing practical sensors and systems bridging the analog and digital domains.
- ENGN 225 - Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering
(PHYS 225)
Credits 3 Prerequisite PHYS 112 and MATH 221 Same as PHYS 225. Study of a collection of mathematical techniques particularly useful in upper-level courses in physics and engineering: vector differential operators such as gradient, divergence, and curl; functions of complex variables; Fourier analysis; orthogonal functions; matrix algebra and the matrix eigenvalue problem; ordinary and partial differential equations.
- ENGN 378 - Capstone Design
Credits 4 Prerequisite ENGN 178, ENGN 204, ENGN 207, and ENGN 225; and ENGN 301 or ENGN 311; and ENGN 208, ENGN 240, ENGN 260, ENGN 267, ENGN 295, ENGN 301, ENGN 311, ENGN 312, ENGN 330, or ENGN 395. All courses with a grade of C or greater First term of the year-long capstone design project in which student teams solve open-ended engineering problems by integrating and synthesizing engineering design and analysis learned in previous courses. Project topics vary year-to-year and are driven by student interest. The fall term is dedicated to the design and planning phases. This includes project topic selection; comprehensive study of necessary background material; and identification of design objectives, conceptual models, and materials and equipment needed.
- ENGN 379 - Capstone Design
Credits 4 Prerequisite ENGN 378 with a grade of C or greater Second term of the year-long capstone design project in which student teams solve open-ended engineering problems by integrating and synthesizing engineering design and analysis learned in previous courses. Project topics vary year-to-year and are driven by student interest. The winter term is dedicated to implementation -- building, testing, analyzing, and revising the design, culminating with a public presentation and proof-of-concept demonstration.
- One lecture/lab sequence chosen from:
- ENGN 301 - Solid Mechanics
+
Credits 3 Prerequisite ENGN 203 with a grade of C or greater Corequisite ENGN 351 - Solid Mechanics Laboratory Internal equilibrium of members; introduction to mechanics of continuous media; concepts of stress, material properties, principal moments of inertia; deformation caused by axial loads, shear, torsion, bending and combined loading.
- ENGN 351 - Solid Mechanics Laboratory
Credits 1 Corequisite ENGN 301 - Solid Mechanics Experimental observation and correlation with theoretical predictions of elastic behavior of structures under static loading; statically determinate loading of beams; tension of metals; torsion; and computer models for stress analysis.
or
- ENGN 311 - Fluid Mechanics
+
Credits 3 Prerequisite ENGN 225 and MATH 332; and either ENGN 204 or PHYS 230. All with a grade of C or greater Corequisite ENGN 361 - Fluid Mechanics Laboratory Fluid statics; application of the integral mass, momentum, and energy equations using control volume concepts; introduction to viscous flow, boundary layer theory, and differential analysis.
- ENGN 361 - Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
Credits 1 Corequisite ENGN 311 - Fluid Mechanics Experimental investigation of fluid mechanics under static and dynamic conditions. Correlation of experimental results with theoretical models of fluid behavior. Experiments examine concepts such as hydrostatic force, fluid kinematics, kinetics, and energy.
- Two courses from:
- ENGN 208 - Electronics
Credits 3 Prerequisite ENGN 207 or PHYS 207 with a grade of C or greater in either Same as PHYS 208. An introduction to digital electronics emphasizing design, construction, and measurement of electronics systems. The first half of the course focuses on foundational concepts including: transistor/semiconductor technology, digital logic gates, RAM and Flash memory, Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog converters, digital communication protocols (SPI and I2C), wireless devices, and microcontroller operation. The second half of the course is project-based: student teams develop an electronics system that solves a real world problem.
- ENGN 240 - Thermodynamics
Credits 3 Prerequisite MATH 221 and PHYS 112 with a grade of C or greater A study of the fundamental concepts of thermodynamics, thermodynamic properties of matter, and applications to engineering processes.
- ENGN 260 - Materials Science and Engineering
Credits 3 Prerequisite PHYS 111 with a grade of C or greater An introduction to solid state materials. A study of the relation between microstructure and the corresponding physical properties for metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites.
- ENGN 267 - Bioengineering and Bioinspired Design
FDR SC Science, Math, CS Distribution Credits 3 Prerequisite PHYS 112 Same as BIOL 267. This course integrates biology, physics, engineering, and quantitative methods to study how an animal's physiology is optimized to perform a critical function, as well as how these biological systems inspire new technologies. The first half of this course focuses on integrative case studies, such as: How does a gecko lizard leap 30 m from the forest floor and survive the landing unscathed; Why are conch shells fracture resistant and how are they inspiring the next generation of protective gear? How is the mantis shrimp eye guiding the next revolution in optical data storage technology? The second half of the course is project based: student teams develop their own bioinspired systems. This course is intended for students interested in working on problems at the boundary of biology and physics/engineering and is appropriate for those who have more experience in one field than the other.
- ENGN 295 - Intermediate Special Topics in Engineering
Credits 3-4 Intermediate work in bioengineering, solid mechanics, fluid mechanics or materials science.
- ENGN 301 - Solid Mechanics
Credits 3 Prerequisite ENGN 203 with a grade of C or greater Corequisite ENGN 351 - Solid Mechanics Laboratory Internal equilibrium of members; introduction to mechanics of continuous media; concepts of stress, material properties, principal moments of inertia; deformation caused by axial loads, shear, torsion, bending and combined loading.
with
- ENGN 351 - Solid Mechanics Laboratory
Credits 1 Corequisite ENGN 301 - Solid Mechanics Experimental observation and correlation with theoretical predictions of elastic behavior of structures under static loading; statically determinate loading of beams; tension of metals; torsion; and computer models for stress analysis.
- ENGN 311 - Fluid Mechanics
Credits 3 Prerequisite ENGN 225 and MATH 332; and either ENGN 204 or PHYS 230. All with a grade of C or greater Corequisite ENGN 361 - Fluid Mechanics Laboratory Fluid statics; application of the integral mass, momentum, and energy equations using control volume concepts; introduction to viscous flow, boundary layer theory, and differential analysis.
with
- ENGN 361 - Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
Credits 1 Corequisite ENGN 311 - Fluid Mechanics Experimental investigation of fluid mechanics under static and dynamic conditions. Correlation of experimental results with theoretical models of fluid behavior. Experiments examine concepts such as hydrostatic force, fluid kinematics, kinetics, and energy.
- ENGN 312 - Heat Transfer
Credits 3 Prerequisite MATH 332; and ENGN 311 with a grade of C or greater Principles of heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation. Topics include transient and steady state analysis, boiling, condensation, and heat exchanger analysis. Application of these principles to selected problems in engineering.
- ENGN 330 - Mechanical Vibrations
Credits 3 Prerequisite MATH 332 and either ENGN 204 or PHYS 230 with a grade of C or greater Analysis of lumped parameter and continuous systems (free and forced, damped and undamped, single- and multi-degree-of-freedom); transient response to shock pulses; simple linear systems; exact and approximate solution techniques; and solution to continuous systems using partial differential equations.
- ENGN 395 - Special Topics in Engineering
Credits 3 Advanced work in solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, or materials science, or additional upper-level engineering topics. Topics selected based on student interest.
- Three courses in a single science subject in one of the following tracks:
- Biology
- BIOL 111 - Fundamentals of Biology
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 3 Prerequisite CHEM 110 and first year standing. Upper division students must request an eligibility override Corequisite BIOL 113 - Biology Laboratory An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication applied to topics that vary among sections and terms. Specific subjects, chosen from within the scope of modern biological investigation according to the expertise of individual instructors, are examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. Suitable for First-Years interested in pursuing a major in biology, neuroscience or environmental studies or the pre-health curriculum. This course, and its companion laboratory (BIOL 113), are prerequisites for all higher level biology courses.
with
- BIOL 113 - Biology Laboratory
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 1 Prerequisite CHEM 110 and first year standing. Upper division students must request an eligibility override Corequisite BIOL 111 - Fundamentals of Biology A laboratory course to accompany BIOL 111. Students are trained in basic techniques of biological research by demonstrations and investigatory exercises, including data analysis and scientific communication. Limited seating available for sophomores, juniors, and seniors. All students should contact the Biology department, for consent as soon as the class schedule is available and before registration begins.
and
two BIOL courses 200 level or above
- BIOL 111 - Fundamentals of Biology
- Chemistry
- CHEM 110 - General Chemistry
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 4 This is a foundational course for those pursuing upper-level chemistry and biochemistry. Fundamental vocabulary, concepts, and principles that appear throughout the chemistry and biochemistry curriculum are introduced. Topics include basic chemistry calculations, quantum mechanics in chemistry, molecular structure, chemical thermodynamics, and chemical kinetics. In addition, a range of spectroscopic methods including UV-Vis, Atomic Absorption, and XRF are employed in the laboratory. While no previous knowledge of chemistry is required, some background is advantageous. Laboratory course with fee.
- CHEM 241 - Organic Chemistry I
Credits 4 Prerequisite CHEM 110 with a grade of C+ or greater Corequisite CHEM 241L - CHEM 241 LAB A survey of the compounds of carbon including their structure, chemical and physical properties, reactivity, reaction mechanisms, identification, and synthesis. Laboratory focuses on the development of skills in preparing, purifying, and identifying organic compounds using spectroscopic methods. Laboratory course with fee.
- CHEM 242 - Organic Chemistry II
Credits 4 Prerequisite CHEM 241 Corequisite CHEM 242L - CHEM 242 LAB A continuation of CHEM 241. Laboratory course with fee.
- CHEM 110 - General Chemistry
- Computer Science
- CSCI 111 - Introduction to Computer Science
FDR FM Math and Computer Science Foundation Credits 4 This course introduces students to fundamental ideas in computer science while building skills in software development. Emphasis is on problem-solving methods, algorithm development, and object-oriented concepts. CSCI 111 is appropriate for all students who want to be able to write programs, regardless of the domain. It is the typical first course for computer science majors and minors. No previous programming experience required. Lectures and formal laboratories.
- CSCI 112 - Data Structures
FDR SC Science, Math, CS Distribution Credits 4 Prerequisite CSCI 111 This course continues the introduction to computer science begun in CSCI 111. Emphasis is on the use and implementation of data structures (i.e., how to store information and access it efficiently), introductory algorithm analysis, and object-oriented design and programming with Python. Lectures and formal laboratories.
and
one CSCI course 200 level or above
- CSCI 111 - Introduction to Computer Science
- Earth and Environmental Geoscience
- EEG 100 - Dynamic Earth: Introductory Geology with Field Emphasis
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 4 The study of Earth systems, our physical environment, and the processes shaping our planet with special emphasis on field study of the region near Lexington. Topics include: plate tectonics; the materials and structure of the Earth's crust; natural hazards including earthquakes and volcanoes; the origin of landforms; and the concept of deep time. Additional topics, with emphasis varying by instructor, include: climate change; weathering and erosion; water quality and movement; energy resources; geospatial and quantitative data analysis; and the relationship between humans and the environment. Preference given to first-years and sophomores. Not open to students with credit for EEG 101 or 102. Involves moderate hiking and other physical activities outside in all types of weather. Laboratory course.
or
- EEG 101 - Dynamic Earth: Introductory Geology
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 4 The study of Earth systems, our physical environment, and the processes shaping our planet. Topics include: plate tectonics; the materials and structure of the Earth's crust; natural hazards including earthquakes and volcanoes; the origin of landforms; and the concept of deep time. Additional topics, with emphasis varying by instructor, include: climate change; weathering and erosion; water quality and movement; energy resources; geospatial and quantitative data analysis; and the relationship between humans and the environment. Involves moderate hiking and other physical activities outside in all types of weather. Additional fee required. Laboratory course.
or
- EEG 102 - Sustainable Earth: Introductory Environmental Geology
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 4 The study of Earth systems, our physical environment, and the processes shaping our planet with special emphasis on environmental science and sustainability. There is special emphasis on field study of the region near Lexington. Depending on the instructor, various topics include: plate tectonics; the materials and structure of the Earth's crust; climate change; the nature of the Earth's interior; the origin of landforms; weathering and erosion; water quality and movement; natural hazards including earthquakes and volcanoes; energy resources; the concept of deep time; geospatial and quantitative data analysis; and the relationship between humans and the environment. Involves moderate hiking and other physical activities outside in all types of weather. Laboratory course.
and
two EEG courses 200 level or above
- EEG 100 - Dynamic Earth: Introductory Geology with Field Emphasis
.
Physics major leading to BS degree
A major in physics leading to a Bachelor of Science degree requires completion of at least 50 credits including the following.
- PHYS 111, 112, 207 (ENGN 207), 210, 225 (ENGN 225), 230, 265, 275,340, 345; and MATH 101, 102 and 221
- One course in advanced physics PHYS 285 or 289
- Two additional PHYS courses at the 200- or 300-level
- One course chosen from PHYS 473, 493 or three credits of research from PHYS 421, PHYS 422 or PHYS 423 followed by a 15-page research paper to be completed before graduation or from PHYS 451, PHYS 452 or PHYS 453 followed by a 15-page research paper to be completed before graduation. **
- Three additional credits chosen from the following:
BIOL 185, 187, 280, 282, 283, 385;
CHEM 110, CHEM numbered 200 and above;
CSCI 121, 211, 250;
ENGN numbered 200 and above;
EEG 211, 275, 311;
MATH 222, MATH numbered 300 and above;
PHYS 151, 190, PHYS numbered 200 and above
Additional courses possibly required as prerequisites for completion of the above include MATH 101, 102, and 221.
**The 15-page research paper requirement associated with PHYS 42x and 45x courses will be programmed as a non-course requirement referred to as the "Physics Research Paper".
- Required courses:
- PHYS 111 - General Physics I
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 4 An introduction to classical mechanics. Topics include kinematics, Newton's laws, solids, fluids, and wave motion.
- PHYS 112 - General Physics II
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 4 Prerequisite PHYS 111 A continuation of PHYS 111. Topics include thermodynamics, electricity, magnetism, and optics.
- PHYS 207 - Electrical Circuits
(ENGN 207)
Credits 4 Prerequisite PHYS 112 with a grade of C or greater Same as ENGN 207. A detailed study of electrical circuits analysis techniques and practical system design. Core topics covered include DC and AC circuits; amplifiers and basic semiconductor devices; analog-to-digital converters; and microcontroller programming. The lab acquaints the student with fundamental electronic diagnostic equipment. Emphasis is placed on designing, building, and analyzing practical sensors and systems bridging the analog and digital domains.
- PHYS 210 - Modern Physics
Credits 3 Prerequisite PHYS 112 An introduction to the special theory of relativity and the physics of the atom. Topics in relativity include the Lorentz transformations, relativistic velocity addition, and relativistic momentum and energy. Topics in atomic physics include the wave description of matter, introductory quantum mechanics, the hydrogen atom, and the historical experiments that led to the modern theory.
- PHYS 225 - Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering
(ENGN 225)
Credits 3 Prerequisite PHYS 112 and MATH 221 Study of a collection of mathematical techniques particularly useful in upper-level courses in physics and engineering: vector differential operators such as gradient, divergence, and curl; functions of complex variables; Fourier analysis; orthogonal functions; matrix algebra and the matrix eigenvalue problem; ordinary and partial differential equations.
- PHYS 230 - Newtonian Mechanics
Credits 3 Prerequisite PHYS 111 and MATH 221 A thorough study of Newton's laws of motion, rigid body motion, and accelerated reference frames.
- PHYS 265 - Modeling and Simulation of Physical Systems
Credits 4 Prerequisite PHYS 112 and MATH 102 An introduction to the innovative field of modeling and analysis of complex physical systems from such diverse fields as physics, chemistry, ecology, epidemiology, and a wide range of interdisciplinary, emerging fields such as econophysics and sociophysics. Topics vary according to faculty expertise and student interest. The goal is to seek the underlying physics laws that govern such seemingly diverse systems and to provide contemporary mathematical and computational tools for studying and simulating their dynamics. Includes traditional lectures as well as workshops and computational labs, group presentations, and seminars given by invited speakers.
- PHYS 275 - Electricity and Magnetism
Credits 3 Prerequisite PHYS 225 or ENGN 225 An introduction to the classical theory of electric and magnetic fields. The basic equations of electromagnetism (Maxwell's equations) are developed through a study of electrostatics, steady-state magnetism, and electromagnetic induction.
- PHYS 340 - Quantum Mechanics
Credits 3 Prerequisite PHYS 210 and either PHYS 225 or ENGN 225 A study of the postulates and formalism of quantum theory emphasizing the Schroedinger approach. The probabilistic theory is applied to one-dimensional bound and scattering states and the three-dimensional central force problem. Investigation of spin and angular momentum, Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, indistinguishable particles, and perturbation theory. Mathematical formalism includes operators, commutators, Hilbert space, and Dirac notation.
- PHYS 345 - Statistical Physics
Credits 3 Prerequisite PHYS 210 and either PHYS 225 or ENGN 225 A study of the statistical methods used in various branches of physics. The Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distribution functions are derived and applied to problems in thermodynamics and the physics of solids.
- MATH 101 - Calculus I
FDR FM Math and Computer Science Foundation Credits 3 An introduction to the calculus of functions of one variable, including a study of limits, derivatives, extrema, integrals, and the fundamental theorem. Sections meet either 3 or 4 days a week, with material in the latter presented at a more casual pace.
- MATH 102 - Calculus II
FDR FM Math and Computer Science Foundation Credits 3 Prerequisite MATH 101 with a grade of C or greater or MATH 102 placement A continuation of MATH 101, including techniques and applications of integration, transcendental functions, and infinite series.
- MATH 221 - Multivariable Calculus
FDR SC Science, Math, CS Distribution Credits 3 Prerequisite MATH 102 with a grade of C or greater, MATH 222, or MATH 225 Motion in three dimensions, parametric curves, differential calculus of multivariable functions, multiple integrals, line integrals, and Green's Theorem.
- One course in advanced physics: PHYS 285 (Optics) or PHYS 295 (Advanced Physics Lab)
- Two additional PHYS courses at the 200- or 300-level.
- One course chosen from PHYS 473, PHYS 493, or three credits of research:
- PHYS 473 - Senior Thesis
Credits 3 Prerequisite instructor consent Culminates in the writing of a thesis on original scholarship undertaken with the guidance of a faculty adviser. May also involve additional research in physics, individual or group conferences with the faculty adviser, literature review, interim reports, and dissemination activities.
- PHYS 493 - Honors Thesis
Credits 3 Prerequisite instructor consent Honors Thesis.
- PHYS 421 - Directed Individual Research
Credits 1 Prerequisite instructor consent Directed research in physics.
- PHYS 422 - Directed Individual Research
Credits 2 Prerequisite instructor consent Directed research in physics.
- PHYS 423 - Directed Individual Research
Credits 3 Prerequisite instructor consent Directed research in physics.
- Three additional credits chosen from the following:
- BIOL 185 - Data Science: Visualizing and Exploring Big Data
Credits 3 We live in the era of big data. Major discoveries in science and medicine are being made by exploring large datasets in novel ways using computational tools. The challenge in the biomedical sciences is the same as in Silicon Valley: knowing what computational tools are right for a project and where to get started when exploring large data sets. In this course, students learn to use R, a popular open-source programming language and data analysis environment, to interactively explore data. Case studies are drawn from across the sciences and medicine. Topics include data visualization, machine learning, image analysis, geospatial analysis, and statistical inference on large data sets. We also emphasize best practices in coding, data handling, and adherence to the principles of reproducible research. No prior programming experience required. Fulfills the computer science requirement for biology and neuroscience majors.
- BIOL 187 - Introduction to Data Science in Python
Credits 4 Prerequisite BIOL 111, 113, and either a Biology major, Neuroscience major, or Data Science minor In this era of data science, major discoveries in science and medicine are being made by exploring datasets in novel ways using computational tools. The challenge in the biomedical sciences is the same as in Silicon Valley: knowing what computational tools are right for a project and where to get started when exploring large data sets. In this course, students learn to use Python, a popular open-source programming language and Jupyter Notebook data-analysis environment, to explore data interactively. Case studies are drawn from across the sciences and medicine. Topics include data visualization, physiological modeling, image analysis, and statistical inference on large data sets. We also emphasize best practices in coding, data handling, and adherence to the principles of reproducible research. No prior programming experience required.
- BIOL 280 - Neural Imaging
Credits 4 Prerequisite BIOL 220 This course examines how the architecture of specific types of neurons affect the neuron's ability to receive, process, and transmit synaptic information. In particular, the course examines how some of the important molecular growth and differentiation cues (e.g., growth factors) can transmit signals important for axon growth and survival of developing and mature neurons. Topics may include neurogenesis, axonal pathfinding, synaptogenesis, and regeneration. Students will conduct original research in the laboratory and acquire skills with various imaging techniques and analytical tools.
- BIOL 282 - Modeling and Simulations in Public Health
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 4 Prerequisite MATH 101 Where are infections spreading? How many people will be affected? What are some different ways to stop the spread of an epidemic? These are questions that all of us ask during an outbreak or emergency. In a process known as modeling, scientists analyze data using complex mathematical methods to provide answers to these and other questions during an emergency response. Models provide the foresight that can help decision-makers better prepare for the future. In this course you will learn how to develop a simple mathematical models using data. You will learn basic epidemiological concepts, computational data analysis tools and relevant mathematical techniques to integrate existing data into the model and generate relevant predictions. In an open-ended project, you and several of your classmates will develop a model and recommendation about potential public health threat. No prior programming experience required - you will learn to use Python, a popular open-source programming language and Jupyter Notebook data analysis environment, to interactively explore data. Laboratory course.
- BIOL 283 - Pregnancy: A KISS in Time?
Credits 4 Prerequisite BIOL 111 and BIOL 113 Kisspeptin (KISS) is a neuropeptide that controls reproductive maturation and function. Its adequate secretion is essential for correct reproductive function and successful pregnancy. Recent experimental studies have shown that KISS may act as a central integrator for other reproductive hormones and neuropeptides. For example, KISS stimulates release of the hormone prolactin (PRL), which helps to maintain pregnancy and prepare the body for lactation. In this class ,students determine the role that KISS plays in successful pregnancy using computational modeling. Students experience the world of computational modeling in neuroendocrinology by working in teams to investigate and extend an existing model for hormonal interaction between KISS and PRL in pregnancy in rats. The model will be used to generate experimentally tested predictions. No programming experience required; all necessary skills and training are provided as a set of tutorials.
- BIOL 385 - Molecular Mechanics of Life
Credits 4 Prerequisite BIOL 220 How do we study complex networks of interactions between molecules in cells? How do we discover what roles different molecular machines play in the development and behavior of cells and animals? How can we identify the ways in which medical illness is caused by the misregulation of biological complexes because of a pathogenic infection or genetic disease? Our approach to answering these questions reflects the same interdisciplinary strategy being used at the forefront of current biomedical research. We consider the ways in which traditional approaches in biochemistry, genetics and cell biology can be merged with new systems-level approaches such as genomics and proteomics, to allow us to probe the underlying molecular mechanics of life. In the classroom, we examine different molecular networks, while readings include selections from the primary literature. The laboratory is based on an investigation of a novel research question, designed and addressed by student participants. Laboratory course.
- CHEM 110 - General Chemistry
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 4 This is a foundational course for those pursuing upper-level chemistry and biochemistry. Fundamental vocabulary, concepts, and principles that appear throughout the chemistry and biochemistry curriculum are introduced. Topics include basic chemistry calculations, quantum mechanics in chemistry, molecular structure, chemical thermodynamics, and chemical kinetics. In addition, a range of spectroscopic methods including UV-Vis, Atomic Absorption, and XRF are employed in the laboratory. While no previous knowledge of chemistry is required, some background is advantageous. Laboratory course with fee.
CHEM numbered 200 and above
- CSCI 121 - Scientific Computing
FDR FM Math and Computer Science Foundation Credits 4 An introduction to computer programming for scientific applications and a survey of the main methodological areas of scientific computation. The course provides the tools needed for students to use computers effectively in scientific work, whether in physics, chemistry, mathematics, economics, biology, psychology, or any field involving quantitative work. Programming in Matlab, a scientific-computing software package, with a focus on topics relevant to students' major fields of study. Lectures and formal labs. Not open to students who have successfully completed CSCI 211 or greater.
- CSCI 211 - Algorithm Design and Analysis
Credits 3 Prerequisite CSCI 112 and either MATH 121 or MATH 225 Methods for designing efficient algorithms, including divide-and-conquer, dynamic programming, and greedy algorithms. Analysis of algorithms for correctness and estimating running time and space requirements. Topics include advanced data structures, graph theory, network flow, and computational intractability.
- CSCI 250 - Introduction to Robotics
FDR SC Science, Math, CS Distribution Credits 4 Prerequisite CSCI 112 This course combines readings from the contemporary robotics literature with hands-on lab experience building robots (equipment provided) and programming them to do various tasks. The lab experience culminates with a peer-judged competition of robot projects proposed and built during the second half of the term.
ENGN numbered 200 and above
- EEG 211 - Earth Materials
Credits 4 Prerequisite or Corequisite: EEG 100, EEG 101, or EEG 102, EEG 103, EEG 105, EEG 107, or EEG 200 An introduction to Earth materials, including minerals and rocks, with an emphasis on a hands-on approach to identifying and interpreting minerals and their associations in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Students learn the techniques and principles of hand sample identification, optical mineralogy and petrography, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Laboratory course.
- EEG 275 - Introductory Geophysics
Credits 4 Prerequisite or Corequisite: EEG 100, EEG 101, EEG 102, EEG 103, EEG 105, EEG 107, or EEG 200 A review of the geophysical methods used to study the interior of the Earth, the magnetic field, isostasy, and earthquake seismology. Attention is given to the methods used in geophysics to collect and analyze data. A gravimeter, a magnetometer, seismic refraction and electrical resistivity equipment are used to collect field data. The data, corrections, and interpretations are incorporated into a technical report for each of the four surveys. PHYS 111 or 112 are recommended. Laboratory course.
- EEG 248 - Earth and Environmental Geochemistry
Credits 4 Prerequisite or Corequisite: EEG 100, EEG 101, EEG 102, EEG 103, EEG 105, EEG 107, or EEG 200 In this course, students will learn the fundamental geochemical concepts that govern the ways in which matter is distributed and transported across our planet, grounded in an environmental context. Students will engage with the fundamental principles of geochemistry and apply their knowledge to understand the major controls on water and soil health, the (in)stability of minerals, weathering processes, radionuclides, and the origin and distribution of elements throughout our planet and solar system. A particular emphasis is given to one of the most important topics of today and its connections to climate change - carbonate geochemistry. The course emphasizes reading scientific literature and improving scientific communication, learning analytical techniques, and using of instrumentation to complete field and laboratory-based projects.
- MATH 222 - Linear Algebra
FDR SC Science, Math, CS Distribution Credits 3 Prerequisite MATH 102 with a grade of C or greater, MATH 201, MATH 221, or MATH 221 Linear algebra is the backbone of much of mathematics. Students in this course learn to identify and explain the basic principles, terminology, and theories used in linear algebra, and apply quantitative and/or qualitative reasoning skills to solve problems posed in linear algebra, primarily through applications of to both mathematics and the sciences, and also by writing proofs In mathematics.
Math numbered 300 or above
- PHYS 151 - Stellar Evolution and Cosmology
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 4 An introduction to the physics and astronomy of stellar systems and the universe. Topics include the formation and lifecycle of stars, stellar systems, galaxies, and the universe as a whole according to "Big Bang" cosmology. Observational aspects of astronomy are also emphasized, including optics and telescopes, star maps, and knowledge of constellations. Geometry, trigonometry, algebra, and logarithms are used in the course.
- PHYS 190 - Foundations of Quantum Computing and Quantum Information
FDR SL Lab Science Distribution Credits 4 This course offers a gentle introduction to the emerging field of quantum information science. Quantum computing holds great promise for the future and is a rapidly growing field of study. In this course we will cover the basics of quantum computation, from its quantum mechanics foundation to quantum circuits, entanglement, quantum teleportation, and algorithms and their technological implementation. No knowledge of quantum mechanics is required. We will cover the necessary physics and mathematics concepts that are needed for this course.
PHYS numbered 200 or above