Course Offerings
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Fall 2024▲
See complete information about these courses in the course offerings database. For more information about a specific course, including course type, schedule and location, click on its title.
Fundamentals of Biology
BIOL 111 - Lanier, Leah S.
An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication applied to topics that vary among sections and terms. Specific subjects, chosen from within the scope of modern biological investigation according to the expertise of individual instructors, are examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. Suitable for First-Years interested in pursuing a major in biology, neuroscience or environmental studies or the pre-health curriculum. This course, and its companion laboratory (BIOL 113), are prerequisites for all higher level biology courses.
Fundamentals of Biology
BIOL 111 - Hurd, Lawrence E. (Larry)
An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication applied to topics that vary among sections and terms. Specific subjects, chosen from within the scope of modern biological investigation according to the expertise of individual instructors, are examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. Suitable for First-Years interested in pursuing a major in biology, neuroscience or environmental studies or the pre-health curriculum. This course, and its companion laboratory (BIOL 113), are prerequisites for all higher level biology courses.
Fundamentals of Biology
BIOL 111 - Watson, Fiona L.
An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication applied to topics that vary among sections and terms. Specific subjects, chosen from within the scope of modern biological investigation according to the expertise of individual instructors, are examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. Suitable for First-Years interested in pursuing a major in biology, neuroscience or environmental studies or the pre-health curriculum. This course, and its companion laboratory (BIOL 113), are prerequisites for all higher level biology courses.
Fundamentals of Biology
BIOL 111 - Toporikova, Natalia
An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication applied to topics that vary among sections and terms. Specific subjects, chosen from within the scope of modern biological investigation according to the expertise of individual instructors, are examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. Suitable for First-Years interested in pursuing a major in biology, neuroscience or environmental studies or the pre-health curriculum. This course, and its companion laboratory (BIOL 113), are prerequisites for all higher level biology courses.
Biology Laboratory
BIOL 113 - Winder, Charles T.
A laboratory course to accompany BIOL 111. Students are trained in basic techniques of biological research by demonstrations and investigatory exercises, including data analysis and scientific communication. Limited seating available for sophomores, juniors, and seniors. All students should contact the Biology department, for consent as soon as the class schedule is available and before registration begins.
Biology Laboratory
BIOL 113 - Lanier, Leah S.
A laboratory course to accompany BIOL 111. Students are trained in basic techniques of biological research by demonstrations and investigatory exercises, including data analysis and scientific communication. Limited seating available for sophomores, juniors, and seniors. All students should contact the Biology department, for consent as soon as the class schedule is available and before registration begins.
Data Science: Visualizing and Exploring Big Data
BIOL 185 - Whitworth, Gregg B.
We live in the era of big data. Major discoveries in science and medicine are being made by exploring large datasets in novel ways using computational tools. The challenge in the biomedical sciences is the same as in Silicon Valley: knowing what computational tools are right for a project and where to get started when exploring large data sets. In this course, students learn to use R, a popular open-source programming language and data analysis environment, to interactively explore data. Case studies are drawn from across the sciences and medicine. Topics include data visualization, machine learning, image analysis, geospatial analysis, and statistical inference on large data sets. We also emphasize best practices in coding, data handling, and adherence to the principles of reproducible research. No prior programming experience required. Fulfills the computer science requirement for biology and neuroscience majors.
Topics in Biology: Intro to Data Science in Python
BIOL 195C - Toporikova, Natalia
In this era of data science, major discoveries in science and medicine are being made by exploring datasets in novel ways using computational tools. The challenge in the biomedical sciences is the same as in Silicon Valley: knowing what computational tools are right for a project and where to get started when exploring large data sets. In this course, students learn to use Python, a popular open-source programming language and Jupyter Notebook data-analysis environment, to explore data interactively. Case studies are drawn from across the sciences and medicine. Topics include data visualization, physiological modeling, image analysis, and statistical inference on large data sets. We also emphasize best practices in coding, data handling, and adherence to the principles of reproducible research. No prior programming experience required.
Biochemistry of the Cell
BIOL 215 - Whitworth, Gregg B.
A study of the molecular basis of cell structure and function. Topics include biomolecular structure and chemistry, enzyme kinetics and inhibition, bioenergetics, intermediary metabolism and its regulation, membrane structure and transport, membrane receptors and signal transduction, and the endomembrane system. The laboratory stresses techniques for use in current biochemical research. Laboratory course. Not open to students with credit for CHEM 341 (Biochemistry).
Genetics
BIOL 220 - Cabe, Paul R.
A study of the three main branches of modern genetics: 1) Mendelian genetics, the study of the transmission of traits from one generation to the next; 2) molecular genetics, a study of the chemical structure of genes and how they operate at the molecular level; and 3) population genetics, the study of the variation of genes between and within populations. This course is a prerequisite to most 300-level courses in biology.
Genetics
BIOL 220 - Parker, Alicia M.
A study of the three main branches of modern genetics: 1) Mendelian genetics, the study of the transmission of traits from one generation to the next; 2) molecular genetics, a study of the chemical structure of genes and how they operate at the molecular level; and 3) population genetics, the study of the variation of genes between and within populations. This course is a prerequisite to most 300-level courses in biology.
Genetics
BIOL 220 - Ayoub, Nadia A.
A study of the three main branches of modern genetics: 1) Mendelian genetics, the study of the transmission of traits from one generation to the next; 2) molecular genetics, a study of the chemical structure of genes and how they operate at the molecular level; and 3) population genetics, the study of the variation of genes between and within populations. This course is a prerequisite to most 300-level courses in biology.
Genetics Laboratory
BIOL 221 - Cabe, Paul R.
Techniques in modern molecular genetics.
Genetics Laboratory
BIOL 221 - Ayoub, Nadia A.
Techniques in modern molecular genetics.
Genetics Laboratory
BIOL 221 - Lanier, Leah S.
Techniques in modern molecular genetics.
Animal Behavior
BIOL 243 - Marsh, David M.
An introduction to the scientific study of animal behavior, including exploration of the evolutionary basis of behavior and examination of how animals choose mates, defend territories, find food, and avoid predators. Field and laboratory exercises focus on testing hypotheses through experiments with a variety of animals, including fish, amphibians, birds, and humans. Laboratory course.
Ecology
BIOL 245 - Hurd, Lawrence E. (Larry)
An introduction to the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. Topics are arranged hierarchically: a) evolution and elementary population genetics; b) population dynamics and regulation; c) interspecific competition, predation, parasitism and symbiosis; d) community structure, energy and material flux in ecosystems. Laboratory is field oriented and investigative.
Topics in Biology: The Biology of Symbiosis and Microbiomes
BIOL 297E - Parker, Alicia M.
All life depends on a web of beneficial, parasitic, and commensal symbiotic interactions that shape ecosystems. Most biology classes give only cursory attention to the intricacies of symbiosis. This course will explore the evolutionary and ecological drivers that develop and maintain symbioses, and examine the implications of changing global environments on the maintenance of symbiotic interactions. The class will also delve into the complex symbioses of environmental and host-associated microbiomes. Students will explore these questions by examining primary literature and popular press about model symbioses such as the bobtail squid and the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, the parasitic fungi Cordyceps and carpenter ants, corals and their endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, and even the gut microbiota of humans.
Advanced Topics in Biology: Fermentation Science
BIOL 395B - Hamilton, Eugene W. (Bill)
Yogurt, wine, muscles, cow stomachs, your large intestine -- what do they all have in common? The answer is in the course title. Topics will include the biochemistry of fermentation, microbial symbioses, evolution of symbiotic fermentation and the used of fermented products by animals. The course will emphasize analysis and presentation of primary literature in a seminar format.
Advanced Topics in Biology: Extreme Physiology
BIOL 395C - LaPrice, Jessica
This course explores the physiology of organisms under extreme conditions. Topics will include physiological adaptations of the top athletes of the animal world (including humans) and the adaptations of plants, animals, and extremophiles of other lineages to harsh environmental conditions, including temperature extremes, high altitude, and extreme aridity. Emphasizes experimental design for novel experiments, data analysis, and analysis and presentation of primary literature.
Directed Individual Research
BIOL 421 - Hamilton, Eugene W. (Bill)
Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines available from biology faculty. Consult the department web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit. No more than six credits of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. May be carried out during summer.
Directed Individual Research
BIOL 421 - Marsh, David M.
Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines available from biology faculty. Consult the department web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit. No more than six credits of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. May be carried out during summer.
Directed Individual Research
BIOL 421 - Cabe, Paul R.
Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines available from biology faculty. Consult the department web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit. No more than six credits of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. May be carried out during summer.
Directed Individual Research
BIOL 421 - Watson, Fiona L.
Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines available from biology faculty. Consult the department web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit. No more than six credits of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. May be carried out during summer.
Directed Individual Research
BIOL 421 - Lanier, Leah S.
Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines available from biology faculty. Consult the department web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit. No more than six credits of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. May be carried out during summer.
Directed Individual Research
BIOL 421 - Winder, Charles T.
Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines available from biology faculty. Consult the department web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit. No more than six credits of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. May be carried out during summer.
Directed Individual Research
BIOL 421 - Parker, Alicia M.
Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines available from biology faculty. Consult the department web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit. No more than six credits of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. May be carried out during summer.
Spring 2024▲
See complete information about these courses in the course offerings database. For more information about a specific course, including course type, schedule and location, click on its title.
BIOL150-01/CHEM150-01 Genetic Engineering and Society
BIOL 150 - Friend, John K. (Kyle) / Ayoub, Nadia A.
Humans have manipulated genes for thousands of years to make better crops and to domesticate animals. But in the last century the ability to transfer genes from one organism to another ("genetic engineering") has dramatically changed our understanding of biology and our lives. In this course, we explore the nuts and bolts of genetic engineering and a small sampling of its applications, including developing drugs and vaccinations, enhancing crops, testing for genetic diseases, and genetic testing in the courtroom. These applications introduce ethical considerations for us to debate. In addition, we use molecular-biology tools to carry out our own genetic engineering projects with spider silk genes, which have potential for multiple medical and industrial applications. Students culminate the term by making a sales pitch to biotech companies to buy their spider-silk genes. Laboratory course. No prerequisites. Intended for non-science majors.
Field Ornithology
BIOL 241 - Cabe, Paul R.
This course integrates studies of bird biology with field observation and identification of local bird species. Topics covered include anatomy, taxonomy, reproduction, vocalization, migration, ecology, and evolution. Field trips to a variety of areas throughout Virginia emphasize identification skills and basic field research techniques.
Field Herpetology
BIOL 242 - Marsh, David M.
Field Herpetology is a research-based course on the ecology and behavior of amphibians and reptiles. Research projects vary from year-to-year and are designed to give students plenty of time on the field and exposure to a diverse assortment of amphibian and reptile species. Students should be prepared for hiking off-trail, wading in swamps, and catching live animals.
Food for Thought
BIOL 275 - Blythe, Sarah N.
This course utilizes problem-based learning to investigate nutrition and metabolism, as well as to the neural and hormonal regulation of feeding behavior. Through the use of primary literature and service-learning experiences, students develop an understanding of the experimental tools used in basic and applied nutritional sciences research. Because nutrition directly relates to many health care and quality-of-life issues at the forefront of modern society, this course also examines popular literature on food-related topics.
Topics in Biology: Mysteries of the Animal Mind: Behavioral Data Science
BIOL 297F - Toporikova, Natalia
Do the squirrels in your neighborhood jump from tree to tree in the morning but not in the afternoon? Does your cat start meowing around the time you usually feed her? If you have noticed any of these things, congratulations—you've made your first observations in behavioral chronoecology! These are all examples of animal behaviors which depend on time. Animals have behaviors which guided by internal time system located in the brain. In this class you will learn about animal time keeping by conducting analysis of behavioral experimental data. You use Python, a popular open-source programming language and Jupyter Notebook to detect timing of animal behaviors. You will also read some scientific article in chronoecology to understand how animal brain control the behavior. Case studies are drawn from across the behavioral science including locomotor activity, foraging, eating, drinking, vocalizing, etc. No prior programming experience required. We also emphasize best practices in coding, data handling, and adherence to the principles of reproducible research.
Topics in Biology: The Impacts of Human Activity on Virginia Oyster Holbionts
BIOL 297G - Parker, Alicia M.
This 4-week summer course focuses on the vibrant Virginia salt marsh habitat and the role of oyster holobionts (oysters + their symbiotic microbes) in maintaining coastal water quality. We will explore the global, regional, and local ecological and economic importance of salt marshes and oysters. We will also learn about the human-induced stressors impacting oysters and their microbes and the downstream impacts to these vital salt marsh ecosystems. Students will contribute to ongoing aquarium-based stress experiments utilizing live Virginia oysters and gain experience in aquarium husbandry, designing and implementing stress experiments, collecting data, and processing samples to examine changes in oyster health and microbial communities.
Plant Functional Ecology
BIOL 332 - Hamilton, Eugene W. (Bill)
The emphasis and location of the study area differs from year to year. Information regarding the specific course topic and field trip schedule is made available in the fall. Through novel research projects in a variety of field settings (e.g., on-campus, Appalachian and Blue Ridge Mountains, The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem), this field-based laboratory course covers topics which investigate the vital roles that plants play in shaping Earth's ecosystems. Topics focus on the responses of native plants to environmental stresses, such as global climate change (elevated temperature and carbon dioxide and drought), herbivory, and invasive species. Field and laboratory exercises focus on testing hypotheses through experiments using a variety of species from intact plant communities. A review of the pertinent literature is used to develop and conduct a term research project. Laboratory course. Additional course fee required, for which the student is responsible after Friday of the 7th week of winter term.
Directed Individual Research
BIOL 423 - Watson, Fiona L.
Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines available from biology faculty. Consult the department web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit. No more than six credits of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. May be carried out during summer.
Winter 2024▲
See complete information about these courses in the course offerings database. For more information about a specific course, including course type, schedule and location, click on its title.
Fundamentals of Biology
BIOL 111 - Ayoub, Nadia A.
An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication applied to topics that vary among sections and terms. Specific subjects, chosen from within the scope of modern biological investigation according to the expertise of individual instructors, are examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. Suitable for First-Years interested in pursuing a major in biology, neuroscience or environmental studies or the pre-health curriculum. This course, and its companion laboratory (BIOL 113), are prerequisites for all higher level biology courses.
Fundamentals of Biology
BIOL 111 - Cabe, Paul R.
An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication applied to topics that vary among sections and terms. Specific subjects, chosen from within the scope of modern biological investigation according to the expertise of individual instructors, are examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. Suitable for First-Years interested in pursuing a major in biology, neuroscience or environmental studies or the pre-health curriculum. This course, and its companion laboratory (BIOL 113), are prerequisites for all higher level biology courses.
Fundamentals of Biology
BIOL 111 - Humston, Robert
An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication applied to topics that vary among sections and terms. Specific subjects, chosen from within the scope of modern biological investigation according to the expertise of individual instructors, are examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. Suitable for First-Years interested in pursuing a major in biology, neuroscience or environmental studies or the pre-health curriculum. This course, and its companion laboratory (BIOL 113), are prerequisites for all higher level biology courses.
Fundamentals of Biology
BIOL 111 - Watson, Fiona L.
An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication applied to topics that vary among sections and terms. Specific subjects, chosen from within the scope of modern biological investigation according to the expertise of individual instructors, are examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. Suitable for First-Years interested in pursuing a major in biology, neuroscience or environmental studies or the pre-health curriculum. This course, and its companion laboratory (BIOL 113), are prerequisites for all higher level biology courses.
Biology Laboratory
BIOL 113 - Winder, Charles T.
A laboratory course to accompany BIOL 111. Students are trained in basic techniques of biological research by demonstrations and investigatory exercises, including data analysis and scientific communication. Limited seating available for sophomores, juniors, and seniors. All students should contact the Biology department, for consent as soon as the class schedule is available and before registration begins.
Biology Laboratory
BIOL 113 - Lanier, Leah S.
A laboratory course to accompany BIOL 111. Students are trained in basic techniques of biological research by demonstrations and investigatory exercises, including data analysis and scientific communication. Limited seating available for sophomores, juniors, and seniors. All students should contact the Biology department, for consent as soon as the class schedule is available and before registration begins.
Introduction to Data Science in Python
BIOL 187 - Toporikova, Natalia
In this era of data science, major discoveries in science and medicine are being made by exploring datasets in novel ways using computational tools. The challenge in the biomedical sciences is the same as in Silicon Valley: knowing what computational tools are right for a project and where to get started when exploring large data sets. In this course, students learn to use Python, a popular open-source programming language and Jupyter Notebook data-analysis environment, to explore data interactively. Case studies are drawn from across the sciences and medicine. Topics include data visualization, physiological modeling, image analysis, and statistical inference on large data sets. We also emphasize best practices in coding, data handling, and adherence to the principles of reproducible research. No prior programming experience required.
Statistics for Biology and Medicine
BIOL 201 - Toporikova, Natalia
This course examines the principles of statistics and experimental design for biological and medical research. The focus is on the practical and conceptual aspects of statistics, rather than mathematical derivations. Students completing this class will be able to read and understand research papers, to design realistic experiments, and to carry out their own statistical analyses using computer packages.
Cell Biology
BIOL 211 - Watson, Fiona L.
This course will focus on understanding the components of a cell, the internal organization of a cell, how they move, how they function, how they respond to cues from their external environment, and the limits of our current knowledge. Lecture topics will include the internal organization of a cell, structure and function of DNA, RNA and proteins, membrane and cytoskeleton structure function, protein sorting, membrane transport, cell cycle and cell-cycle control, cell signaling and communication, and cell death. The lab component reinforces the lecture by emphasizing the experimental approaches to the study of cell biology. Laboratory course.
Comparative Animal Biology
BIOL 240 - Hurd, Lawrence E. (Larry)
Form and function of animals with emphasis on evolution and ecology of major invertebrate and vertebrate groups. Laboratory course.
Vertebrate Endocrinology
BIOL 250 - Blythe, Sarah N.
This course provides an introduction to the scientific study of the endocrine system, including exploration of chemoregulatory mechanisms in vertebrates and examination of biochemical, cellular, and physiological aspects of hormone action. In-class exercises focus on developing written and verbal scientific communication skills, as well as in-depth analysis of primary literature.
Seminar in Biology
BIOL 295F - Hamilton, Eugene W. (Bill)
Seminar topics vary with instructor and term. Sample topics include: genetics, molecular genetics, virology, evolutionary biology, history of medicine, biology of aging, ecology, cancer, reproductive strategies, neuroendocrinology, microbiology and immunology. These are in-depth studies of restricted topics within the broad areas indicated by the titles, involving critical review of literature, discussion and oral and/or written presentation. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
Microbiology
BIOL 310 - Lanier, Leah S.
A broadly based course in the study of microorganisms, specifically: prokaryotic cells, microbial diversity, and the effects of microbes in the world, in society and in the bodies of animals and plants. It concerns the central role of microbiology as a basic biological science that enhances our understanding of the biology of higher organisms. Laboratory course.
Experimental Botany: Global Climate Change
BIOL 330 - Hamilton, Eugene W. (Bill)
Lectures focus on the major impacts of global climate change (elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and elevated temperatures) on plant function (photosynthesis and respiration) and plant communities. Additional topics include global carbon budgets, plant carbon sequestration, and agricultural impacts. Participants review the pertinent primary literature and conduct a term-long laboratory research project. Laboratory course.
Evolution
BIOL 340 - Ayoub, Nadia A.
An examination of the evidence for evolution and the mechanisms by which evolution occurs.
Microanatomy
BIOL 355 - I'Anson, Helen
A study of the normal microscopic structure of the mammalian body with emphasis placed on structural and functional correlations. Laboratory work includes the study of prepared tissue and the preparation of tissues for microscopy. Laboratory course.
Topics in Ecology and Evolution: Biodiversity Conservation
BIOL 398A - Hurd, Lawrence E. (Larry)
What is biodiversity, how did it come about, and what is its future? How do ecological systems work, and how (and why) do we work to preserve biodiversity? The recognition late during the 20th century that global biological diversity is threatened with precipitous decline of a magnitude similar to the past five mass extinctions, has stimulated a great deal of research, as well as the emergence of a new scientific discipline: conservation ecology. The causes of this sixth mass extinction are pervasive human activities, which has led to the proposal that our present age should be called the Anthropocene. This is not a course about conservation techniques. Rather, the aim of this course is to introduce you to some of the major ideas and research efforts in ecology upon which conservation and preservation efforts depend: The theory behind the practice.
Directed Individual Study: Spider Genetics
BIOL 401C - Ayoub, Nadia A.
Discussing primary research articles in one of two areas: protein components of spider silks and the genes that encode them, or genes that control circadian rhythms. Students will begin designing experiments for summer research and write the introduction of a mini-research proposal.
Directed Individual Research
BIOL 421 - Hamilton, Eugene W. (Bill)
Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines available from biology faculty. Consult the department web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit. No more than six credits of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. May be carried out during summer.
Directed Individual Research
BIOL 421 - Ayoub, Nadia A.
Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines available from biology faculty. Consult the department web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit. No more than six credits of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. May be carried out during summer.
Directed Individual Research
BIOL 421 - I'Anson, Helen
Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines available from biology faculty. Consult the department web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit. No more than six credits of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. May be carried out during summer.
Directed Individual Research
BIOL 421 - Cabe, Paul R.
Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines available from biology faculty. Consult the department web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit. No more than six credits of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. May be carried out during summer.
Directed Individual Research
BIOL 421 - Humston, Robert
Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines available from biology faculty. Consult the department web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit. No more than six credits of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. May be carried out during summer.
Directed Individual Research
BIOL 421 - Marsh, David M.
Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines available from biology faculty. Consult the department web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit. No more than six credits of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. May be carried out during summer.
Directed Individual Research
BIOL 421 - Watson, Fiona L.
Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines available from biology faculty. Consult the department web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit. No more than six credits of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. May be carried out during summer.
Directed Individual Research
BIOL 421 - Lanier, Leah S.
Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines available from biology faculty. Consult the department web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit. No more than six credits of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. May be carried out during summer.